Invictus Explication Essay Example for Free

Invictus Explication Essay Written in the form of a sonnet, William Ernest Henleys poem Invictus describes the continuos battle against darkness and sin that every human being experiences in his or her life. Invictus is formatted in four stanzas with four lines each and every stanza serves a separate purpose then the stanzas before. Henley reveals one of the major themes of this poem through the words My head is bloody, but unbowed (8). This line at the end of stanza two displays that everybody will endure struggles at some point in their life, but they cannot let those struggles complete destroy hemselves. Each stanza not only introduces realistic struggles and hardships that human beings face, but they also illustrate how humans can triumph over those hardships. For example, the very beginning of the poem starts off with Out of the night that covers me/ Black as the pit from pole to pole implying that darkness and wickedness surround someones life (1-2). Later on in the beginning of stanzas two and three words such as fell clutch/ horror of the shade [and] menace of the years also introduce a dark and gloomy tone to the poem (4,9-10). Once the gloomy tone has een presented, Henley quickly switches gears and flips the tone to one of strength and encouragement; The transition of tones is exhibited in strong language such as l have not winced, nor cried aloud (6). Henley formats each stanza in a way where the reader leaves with positive thoughts as he or she continues reading. All throughout the poem, every line contains either a positive or negative tone; however, the order in which the lines are written change with each stanza. Rather than simply alternating between positive and negative tones with each line, Henley hanges not only the orders but also the amount of the positive and negative lines within each stanza. For example, the first stanza contains two negatively toned lines that are followed by two positive lines, but the second stanza alternates from negative to positive. By altering the order of the lines, Henley hints at the fact that life can throw good or bad things at you in any order. Different from all other stanzas, the third stanza contains three negatively toned lines and only one positively toned line. The stanza begins Beyond this place of wrath and tears/ Looms but the Horror of the shade/ and yet the menace of the years creating an extremely dark and malicious feel to the stanza (9-11). However, the maliciousness is shown to be ineffective to this person as the menace of the years/ finds and shall find [him/her] unafraid (11-12). Since stanza three contains three negatively toned lines in a row, it indicates that life can become absolutely overwhelming with darkness and evil, but no matter how hopeless life may seem people always have the choice to fight and be unafraid. The themes of self-reliance and survival present themselves strongly in the last stanza. Essentially, Henleys Invictus can be summed up with one simple statement: humans control their own lives, they have been given the authority to do whatever they desire. The use of the words Master and Captain in lines 15-16 prove this statement because both masters and captains are leaders who are inclined to make their own decisions. These lasts lines ultimately prove that people are in control of in their own hands. Whether a person ends up down the road of triumph or defeat falls complete upon his or herself because [they] are the Masters of [their] fate/ [they] are the Captains of [their] soul (15-16).

Star Wars as Church History Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Paper

Star Wars as Church History Koenrad Kuiper, writing in the Journal of Popular Culture in the mid 1980s suggests that "[the] Star Wars trilogy creates and recreates imperial myths which serve to sustain imperial culture" (77). He goes on to contend that the Empire of George Lucas’s long ago and far away world recreate these myths for us now as, essentially, a form of social control. Since Kuiper was writing, however, we have been graced with the first in the Star Wars series, The Phantom Menace. The Phantom Menace has opened to tepid reviews and the expected box-office success. Its staying-power has been perhaps a bit disappointing for all at Lucasfilm, but the film has definitely made a cultural impact. Interesting in light of Kuiper’s thesis is that this latest addition to the Star Wars mythology concerns itself with two beginnings: the beginning of the evil Empire of the other three movies, and the beginning of Anakin Skywalker, father to Luke Skywalker and the future Darth Vader. The genesis of both the Empire and Darth Vader in one film is more than coincidence. Rather than Star Wars sustaining an imperial myth, the new film argues for an interpretation that the series, taken as a whole, represents an intricate commentary on the history of Christianity, from its pure beginnings to its ultimate corruption as a quasi-political entity controlling much of Europe. The first and most striking suggestion of this is the fact that Anakin Skywalker’s is a virgin birth. When Qui Gon Jinn, the Jedi master who trains Obi-Wan Kenobi, asks Anakin’s mother who the young prodigy’s father is, she responds: "There is no father." Young Skywalker is later described by Jinn as a "virgence": a virgin birth. The conclusion that ... ...ica: is there reason to believe that the Religious Right will become that new Empire? Will the new war for liberation be right now in a galaxy quite close to home? Addendum It has been brought to my attention by many an astute reader that Darth Maul should more accurately symbolize King Herod. They are correct, of course--an oversight I should've caught. I appreciate the input, and should take the opportunity to note that the Darth Maul/Herod connection still works symbolically, representing the pathway toward an institutionalized and therefore corrupt Christianity. Works Cited Kuiper, Koenraad. "Star Wars: An Imperial Myth." Journal of Popular Culture 21.2 (Spring) 1988. 77-86. Lucas, George. The Empire Strikes Back. Lucasfilm Ltd. 1980 —The Phantom Menace. Lucas. 1999. —Return of the Jedi. Lucas. 1983. —Star Wars. Lucas. 1977.

Artificial Intelligence Related to Wall-E Robot Essay

1. Technological Advancement presented in WALL-E that are existing A. Voice Command This technological advancement presented in the movie is using the voice to execute primarily commands in which we are telling on what should be done. B. Search Command This technological advancement presented in the movie is using also our voice in which the said technology is arranging or systematizing an orderly search object in which the user is wish to know. C. Pattern Recognition This technological advancement presented in the movie is using using pattern schronization in which the agent is moving through patterns in which in provides where the agent direction and avoding collision to the other agent that have another pattern to follow. 2. Technological Advancement presented in WALL-E that are possible to happen A. Eve – flying robot This technological advancement presented in the movie is a robot in which capable of flying attach with scanner sensor and a weapon . This advancement would be possible because we do have some agent(s) that have sensor attach to them and agent that use in that has weapon use in military combat. B. Accel – ship This technological advancement presented in the movie can sustain life specifically human life in space for many years and attach with different system or technology. As presented in the movie they live in the space for 700 years living with sustanable oxygen and gravity balance. This techonology is possible in a way that that are the same to the experience of our astronouts discovering in the space and with the technology use in some science museum in which they can adjust gravity for us to experience space. And now we do have sensors and system that use in the ship ,likely some , thus it is possible for the human race to have. C. Transportation like a speed of light This technological advancement presented in the movie in which tha accel(ship) is returning to earth like a speed of light. It is possible because we do have now this technology boosting to space in which we can go to mars less than the usual frame time .

Carl Jung; Theories of Personality - 2081 Words

Final Paper - Jung Theories of Personality In this paper I will show some of Jung’s back ground, his theory, and speak of his contribution to the world of psychology. His contribution was a great one, and it was said that many of his theories were more complicated than many of the other psychologists of his time. As I read about him, I began to appreciate his passion for this subject. There were a few reasons that I chose him. First, I think it’s amazing his contribution to figuring out, †personality types.† Second, I find it interesting that he was spiritual, and incorporated some of that spirituality to his theories. He was one of the theorists that took an approach to the†¦show more content†¦Personality Psychology helps an individual to define their human nature, and how that nature is different from other people, but in various similar situations. For example, based on Jung’s theory of personality, an introvert may be shy, compared to an extrovert, when placed in a social setting. Personality Psychology also might help a person to have a strong sense of oneself, may assist them in understanding why they cope certain ways, or react to particular things that happen. A therapist knowing this psychology can also shed light to their clients when helping them to cope with life. According to Jung’s theory, we all have some introversion, and some extroversion, but are primarily one or the other. This is where people are similar. Human beings are like each other because of our ability to have set backs, fears, failure, and have emotions that come from within, when we experience hardship in life. Whether we react in an introverted way (inward thought), versus extroverted (outward thought), is imperative and shows our similarity as well. That we must all go through some form of process mentally, as a coping mechanism, when things happen to us, or around us. Jung’s theory on the Persona, anima, animus, shadow, and the self(Ashford, 2011), can differentiate us as human beings. Upon reading about the Shadow, it reminded me of the darker side of us. The part of people that is mysterious, or thinks badShow MoreRelatedCarl Jung s Theory Of Personality Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesCarl Jung was a Swiss psychologist who was born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland. His father was a minister for a Swiss Reformer Church and his mother was a daughter of a theologian. He had eight maternal uncles and two paternal uncles that were pastors, so he was no stranger to religion growing up. In his later years, he became good friends with Sigmund Freud but had a falling out after they had a disagreement. After this break with Freud, Jung underwent a journey into the unconscious.Read MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of One s Personality898 Words   |  4 PagesWho We Are Everyone in the world grows up asking the same question, who am I? Personality is what defines this answer to this question. Fortunately, there are people like psychiatrist Carl Jung and psychologist Howard Gardner who have given insights and the means of finding out how to answer this age old question. Jung’s theory of one’s personality is based on four coupled traits that can vary 16 different ways. These 8 traits, extroversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feelingRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of Personality And Psychological Types1206 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1920’s, a Swiss psychologist named Carl Jung devised a theory. Jung didn’t accept the idea that the behaviors of people were random. Instead, he was a firm believer that the differences between individuals were a result of how people use their brains. Jung claimed that â€Å"what appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities.† (The Myers Briggs Foundation). Jung realized that people typically function in one of twoRead MoreThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud ( 1856-1939 ) And Carl Jung2919 Words   |  12 PagesExamined are the key elements in the personality theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Carl Jung (1875-1961). Prior to Freud, personality psychology did not exist. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory conceptualized personality development in terms of psychosexual stages whereby personality was fixed by middle childhood. Freud explained that mental and physical illnesses were the result of an individual not being aware of the inner conflict which was experienced due to repressed infantile sexualityRead MoreSigmund Freud and Carl Jung1331 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud and Carl Jung Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung begun their relationship in 1906, when Carl Jung sent Freud a copy of his signed published studies, But Jung did not know that Sigmund Freud actually already owned a copy (well-Documented). Jung looked up to Freud and saw him as a father figure (well-Documented). Freud became Jung’s Mentor. In 1909, Freud and Jung toured the United States, and this is were they had a few disagreement on the unconscious mind. Jung thought Freud was negativeRead MoreCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousnessRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Approach . And Some Of The Influential987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Influential People Behind It There are different theoretical approaches to psychology; behaviorist, humanistic, psychoanalytic, and biological. I will be discussing the psychoanalytic approach to psychology and some of the pioneers of this theory. What is the psychoanalytic approach? Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that aids an individual in determining the underlying cause of deep rooted psychological troubles when other approaches have not been successful in alleviating thoseRead MoreThe First Layer Of The Unconscious1570 Words   |  7 Pageslayer of Carl Jung was also called the personal unconscious is basically the same as Freud’s kind of the unconscious. The particular unconscious has temporality elapsed information and well as repressed retentions. Jung (1933) outlined an important article of the personal unconscious called complexes. A complex is a collection of opinions, moods, attitudes and memories that focus on a particular idea. The more elements attached to the complex, the greater its effect on the individual. Jung also saidRead MoreComparison of Theories on Personality Essay examples1273 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Theories on Personality Abstract This paper is a comparison of three different viewpoints on the subject of personality. Carl Jung, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers all had very different outlooks on what defined someone’s personality. As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in theirRead MoreCritique Of Carl Jung s Theory Of The Collective Unconscious1103 Words   |  5 PagesCritique 3- Discussion of Carl Jung Discuss the Analytical Theory of Carl Jung. Do not complete a Theory Template for this theorist. Instead complete the following discussion questions: 1. Explain the Jungian concept of the collective unconscious. Ans: Among Jung s numerous hypotheses is the collective unconscious. The collective unconscious has been portrayed as the storage facility of inactive memory follows acquired from the past that incline individuals to respond to the world in specific

Folkways, Mores, Taboos, and Laws

The social norm, or simply norm, is arguably the most important concept in sociology. Sociologists believe that norms govern our lives by giving us implicit and explicit guidance on what to think and believe, how to behave, and how to interact with others. We learn norms in a variety of settings and from various people, including our family, our teachers and peers at school, and members of the media. There are four key types of norms, with differing levels of scope and reach, significance and importance, and methods of enforcement. These norms are, in order of increasing significance: folkwaysmorestabooslaws Folkways Early American sociologist William Graham Sumner was the first to write about the distinctions between different types of norms in his book Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals (1906). Sumner created the framework that sociologists still use. Folkways, he wrote, are norms that stem from and organize casual interactions, and emerge out of repetition and routines. We engage in them to satisfy our daily needs, and they are most often unconscious in operation, though they are quite useful for the ordered functioning of society. A common example of a folkway is the practice, in many societies, of waiting in line. This practice brings order to the process of buying things or receiving services, allowing us to more easily perform the tasks of our daily lives. Other examples of folkways include the concept of appropriate dress, the practice of raising ones hand to take turns speaking in a group, and the practice of civil inattention—when we politely ignore others around us in public settings. Folkways mark the distinction between rude and polite behavior, so they exert a form of social pressure that encourages us to act and interact in certain ways. However, they do not have moral significance, and there are rarely serious consequences or sanctions for violating them. Mores Mores are more strict than folkways, as they determine what is considered moral and ethical behavior; they structure the difference between right and wrong. People feel strongly about mores, and violating them typically results in disapproval or ostracizing. As such, mores exact a greater coercive force in shaping our values, beliefs, behavior, and interactions than do folkways. Religious doctrines are an example of mores that govern social behavior. For example, many religions have prohibitions on cohabitation with a romantic partner before marriage. If a young adult from a strict religious family moves in with her boyfriend then her family, friends, and congregation are likely to view her behavior as immoral. They might punish her behavior by scolding her, threatening judgment in the afterlife, or shunning her from their homes and the church. These actions are meant to indicate that her behavior is immoral and unacceptable, and are designed to make her change  her behavior to align with the violated more. The belief that forms of discrimination and oppression, like racism and sexism, are unethical is another example of an important more in many societies. Taboos A taboo is a very strong negative norm; it is a prohibition of certain behavior that is so strict that violating it results in extreme disgust and even expulsion from the group or society. Often the violator of the taboo is considered unfit to live in that society. For instance, in some Muslim cultures, eating pork is taboo because the pig is considered unclean. At the more extreme end, incest and cannibalism are both considered taboos in most places. Laws A law is a norm that is formally inscribed at the state or federal level  and is enforced by police or other government agents. Laws exist to discourage behavior that would typically result in injury or harm to another person, including violations of property rights. Those who enforce laws have been given legal right by a government to control behavior for the good of society at large. When someone violates a law, a state authority will impose a sanction, which can be as light as a payable fine or as severe as imprisonment.

British Films During The 20th Century - 925 Words

First, give some context and history to British films of the 80 s. Using pp. 340-347 outline the films, filmmakers and themes of 80 s British film. Many British films during the 80’s primarily were created by directors who did not bring a lot of attention to themselves. The movies themselves did not attract attention because they did not gross as much money in comparison to the 80’s blockbusters of the American Cinema. For the British Cinema it’s generally been split between conservative filmmakers and non conservative filmmakers in many cases the conservatives successfully controlled the market. However, in the 80’s the liberal left managed to gain some traction from international film critics. Many films created by the conservative right were adapted predominantly from different books. One such conservative director was James Ivory who created such successful films as â€Å"A Room With a View†, â€Å"Howards End†, and â€Å"Maurice†. Finally, we have the liberal left who considered rebellious in there filmmaking many critics had issues with the portrayal of the working class li fe in many films. Many critics felt that the portrayal of these lives was to dark and had a Marxist view on society. Second, What does the cook, the thief, the wife, and lover each represent? The film itself is shot and moves like a play in the beginning of the film we actually see the scaffolding on the sound stage where it is being filmed. Besides sequences of landscape wide shots along withShow MoreRelatedWhen Karl Freund’S The Mummy (1932) Was Released, The Horror1313 Words   |  6 Pagesgenre was already ingrained by Universal Studios and other American studios. The 1930s are considered the beginning of the horror genre’s classic phase. Horror films â€Å"primarily engages us affectively and viscerally-its aim seems to be to scare and disgust us, to raise the hair on the back of our necks or make us cover our eyes†. The horror film of the studios years gives physical shape and specific presence to metaphysical, notions of spirit or moral evil. The Mummy embodies our personal fears andRead MoreThe British Actress Kate Winslet1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe British act ress Kate Winslet was born on October 5, 1975 in Reading, England. Her parents were actors and her grandparents were theater managers, so to say performing runs through her veins is an understatement. Winslet began her acting career as a child, making her first appearance on British television at age 7 in a cereal commercial. At age thirteen, she appeared in her first TV series, Shrinks. At age sixteen she dropped out of high school to pursue her acting career. During this time, sheRead MoreEssay on Battle of Ideas893 Words   |  4 Pagesto move away for most of the 20th century. During this time two young economists emerge in hope to solve the world’s economic troubles, John Meynard Keynes and Friederich Von Hayek. The story then focuses on the struggles that occur between the ideas of the two economists. Keynes, whose ideas on government intervention dominated much of the 20th century, and Hayek, whose free-market ideas were largely ignored until the economic crises of th e 1970’s. Throughout the film it gives a better understandingRead MoreThe Partition Of India And Pakistan1874 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Indian Film Industry, more commonly known as Bollywood, to produce films that sought to evoke Indian nationalism not only directly after the Partition, but also continuing throughout the 20th century. Films associated with the split between the two nations celebrated India as it transitioned from colonization to independence, while also demonizing Pakistan and thus creating an extremely intense anti-Pakistani sentiment throughout India. In particular, two significant Bollywood films, Mother IndiaRead MoreCultural Diversity Is An Undesirable Consequence Of International Interaction1814 Words   |  8 Pagesinternational interaction’ Introduction ‘Loss of cultural diversity is an undesirable consequence of international interaction’ this statement can be explored by looking at a cultural element, more specifically the cultural element of Hollywood/commercial film. Culture refers to the behaviours, beliefs, attitudes and traditions shared by a group of people and that are passed on from one generation to the next. The integration of the world in today’s society has resulted in the diffusion of culture throughRead MoreGandhi Movie Reflection981 Words   |  4 Pagesequality. The movie â€Å"Gandhi† directed by   Richard Attenborough tells us about how his principles made the British give freedom to India and his face moved millions of crowds to fight for freedom. But mainly, this movie shows the complex life of Gandhi and his importance that made a difference.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie starts with a flashback to a younger, 23-year-old   Gandhi during his days in South Africa during 1893. He’s seen riding with a first-class ticket but is forced to move to third-class due to being coloredRead MoreAfrican American Stereotypes in the Film Industry982 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-Americans have long endured demeaning and misrepresentative images within the film industry and American society as a whole. In the early 20th century, an abundance of films depicted an idealized vision of life in the south, in which blacks were happily subservient to their role as the property of their white masters. The roles of black characters were also portrayed by white actors in blackface. Blackface was a form of theatrical makeup used to represent an image of a black person and wasRead MoreIntroduction. The Film, Gallipoli, Directed By Peter Weir,1677 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The film, Gallipoli, directed by Peter Weir, depicts one of the most controversial aspects of Australian history. The film depicts heritage myths regarding Australian culture; and Australia’s size in the world at large. Weir’s Gallipoli is taken from an Australian perspective and presents a compressed narrative of the events that shaped Australian society during World War I. The 20th Century saw the emergence of cinematography as a primary medium. One aspect of cinematography thatRead MoreBritish Arts5612 Words   |  23 PagestishTOPIC 14: BRITISH ARTS Outline: I. Introduction II. Content 1. Overview of the arts in Britain 1.1. What are â€Å"the arts†? 1.2. The arts in society 1.3. The characteristics of British arts and letters 1. Types of arts 2.4. Theatre and cinema 2.5. Music 2.6. Literature 2.7. The fine arts III. Conclusion 1. Overview of the arts in Britain 2.1. What are â€Å"The arts†? The art is the term which is usedRead MoreHollywood Studios And The Movie Industry Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pageswere prosperous in the international movie industry. These studios improved American Films and continue to be affluent today. Hollywood was the birthplace of movie studios, which were of great importance to America’s public image in the movie industry. The earliest and most affluent film companies were Warner Brothers Pictures, Paramount, RKO, Metro Goldwyn Mayer, and 20th Century Fox, each of whom owned their own film production sets and studios. Universal, United, and Columbia Pictures were also considered

Japanese Language Free Essays

8 Tips to learn to speak Japanese effectively Tip 1: Attend Japanese classes If you are just starting out learning Japanese, I suggest that it is best you attend some basic Japanese courses at a local language school in your country. That is because the foundation of the language is so important that if you screw up in the beginning, it will drag you down when you move forward to the intermediate or advanced classes. You will always have to refer back the materials in the basic classes. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have seen many people suffered from their weak foundation and have to give up learning eventually because they couldn’t cope with the progress of the lessons. Conclusion? At least build a strong foundation by attending basic classes at a school. The native Japanese teacher there can help to correct your mistakes. You will appreciate a lot when you advance to higher levels. Tip 2: Japanese Learning Software I understand many people cannot commit to attend a regular class. Maybe because they have irregular working hours, need to travel overseas frequently due to works, unable to pay the school fees for long terms due to financial issues, or many other personal reasons. In that case, the best alternative is to learn through Japanese learning software like theRocket Japanese, where you can learn to speak Japanese at your own pace and time. This is because it is an online course and therefore you can plan to learn according to your own schedule, anytime, anywhere, so long you have an internet connection. The single reason that I recommend this online software is because it provides one great feature (Rocket Record) that you can use to match your voice to that of the Japanese native’s voice in order to perfect your Japanese pronunciation. While your pronunciation can be corrected by a teacher in a classroom, it’s impossible to know whether your pronunciation is correct if you were to study by yourself. With this recording feature, now you can simply practise speaking Japanese until your pronunciation is perfect, all at your own pace. This is the greatest benefit of using Rocket Japanese. I have also done a review on Rocket Japanese. Do check out the page. Tip 3: Stay in Japan I will say this is by far the most effective way if you really want to accelerate the learning progress. â€Å"Immerse† yourself in the total Japanese environment and you will have a big boost to your speaking ability. You are not only learning Japanese in Japan, you are in fact living and blending in the everyday life of Japan. In such environment, you will be forced to speak Japanese, write Japanese, and even think in Japanese if you need to react fast. If you can stay in this environment for at least a year, your Japanese proficiency will be greatly improved. And that is much faster than study the language in your own country, which doesn’t provide such conducive environment. There are 2 ways, in my opinion, that enable you to move to Japan. 1. Find a job in Japan so that you can stay there for a longer term, say 1 to 2 years. One good option is to join the JET program (The Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme) and teach your local language (such as English, etc) in Japan. . If you cannot commit to work in Japan, try enrol and study in a short term language course for at least 3 months. However this is also the most expensive way as the living standard in Japan is considerably high as compare to most countries. Tip 4: Work in a Japanese company This is a great way to learn to speak Japanese for free in your own country while you are working. It might be the next best way if you are unable to go to Japan. The key here is to surround yourself with Japanese-speaking people, natives or non-natives. And a Japanese-speaking environment is the best you can get to improve your language. Depending on your position, if you are lucky, you might get the chance to go to Japan for trainings. Make full use of the opportunity, know some Japanese colleagues and friends over there. Keep in contact with them when you are back home by exchanging emails, communicating using skype or msn, in Japanese of course. If your colleagues or friends want to learn your native language, both parties can then teach each other your own languages, which is beneficial to both of you. This is a more economical way to learn to speak Japanese. Tip 5: Make more Japanese friends If you cannot afford to go to Japan, another way is to know some native Japanese friends in your own country. Check out if there is a Japanese community in the place where you reside in. Get to know the people in the community and learn to speak Japanese with them. These people come to your country due to work or other reasons, so there is a high chance they can speak your native language. Tip 6: Join the activities organized by Japanese Association If there is a Japanese Association near your place, it is wise to join the activities that are organized by the association. The association normally holds many activities to help the locals to learn to speak Japanese. These activities include dialogue sessions with native Japanese, speech contests, Japanese language courses and other cultural activities, aiming to foster the relationship with the local people, as well as helping the locals to appreciate the beauty of the language. Tip 7: Watch Japanese News â€Å"If you cannot listen well, you cannot speak well†. This is the golden rule when learning a new language. Listening is always the â€Å"killing† subject in many languages, especially true in the case of Japanese. I am no exception. Listening has always been my weakest field. In order to overcome this, I make it a point to listen to the news in Japanese everyday. One of the online news sites that I often visit is the TBS News. Over there you can watch the videos and listen to the short summaries of news in Japan. Choose the topic that interest you most, listen to it without first looking at the written script to test how much you can understand. It is very important not to look at the script first so that it will force you to get used to listening the language without reading the content. Another reason is to make you concentrate on the listening part. Repeat listening to the same piece of news for a few times until you are sure that you cannot get anything more from it. You then look at the script and listen to the audio again for another few times to clarify those that you don’t understand. If you can do this continuously for a few months, you will realize that your listening skill improves tremendously. While this is a good method to improve your listening skill, I only recommend you to do this when you reach the advanced level, or at least intermediate level as the scripts are all written in kanji, hiragana and katakana. If not you will have problem understanding the scripts and get overwhelmed and feel demoralized. Tip 8: Watch Japanese Drama Listening to the news trains you on the formal Japanese speaking but you may get bored on the topics. Listening to the drama may be much more relevant because dramas are more related to our everyday life as the actors/actresses speak in more casual way. Similar to watching the news, don’t look at the subtitles while watching the drama because it not only distracts you from listening to the dialogues in the drama, you will grow more dependent on the subtitles and that will do you more harm than good. Conclusion If you can follow some of the tips I mentioned above, I believe they will help you a lot on learning to speak Japanese in a more effective way How to cite Japanese Language, Papers